Twelve mathematical formulas for Real Estate brokers

1. Down Payment:
   down payment = purchase price × down payment percentage
2. Mortgage Payment:
   mortgage payment = loan amount × (monthly interest rate / (1 – (1 + monthly interest rate)^-n))
3. Annual Percentage Rate (APR):
   APR = (monthly interest rate × 12) × 100
4. Loan-to-Value Ratio (LTV):
   LTV = loan amount / property value
5. Debt-to-Income Ratio (DTI):
   DTI = monthly debt payments / gross monthly income
6. Rental Income:
   rental income = rental rate × rental period
7. Return on Investment (ROI):
   ROI = (net profit / initial investment) × 100
8. Capitalization Rate (Cap Rate):
   Cap Rate = (annual net operating income / property value) × 100
9. Internal Rate of Return (IRR):
   IRR = (1 + discount rate)^n – 1
10. Gross Rent Multiplier (GRM):
    GRM = property value / gross annual rent
11. Net Operating Income (NOI):
    NOI = gross income – operating expenses
12. Price-to-Rent Ratio:
    price-to-rent ratio = property price / annual rental income